峨眉山市和夹江县茶园土壤及茶叶重金属污染评价

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  摘要 [目的]研究峨眉山市和夹江县茶园土壤及茶叶Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg 6种重金属含量,并进行污染评价。[方法]采用原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb的含量以及原子荧光分光光度法测定As、Hg的含量,以《土壤环境质量标准GB 15618—1995》为依据,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数对茶园土壤样品进行评价。[结果]Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、As、Hg的平均含量分别为30.59、67.08、0.35、24.15、13.32、0.13 mg/kg,根据国家标准GB 15618—1995土壤环境质量二级标准值,Cd处于临界水平,而重金属Cu、Cr、Pb、As、Hg的单项污染指数均小于1.0,属于安全级别。以GB 2762—2012、NY 659—2003、NY/T 288—2012为依据,5个采样点茶园茶叶原料样品中的Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、As、Hg的含量均远低于国标或部颁的最高含量限值。[结论]峨眉山市和夹江县区域茶叶中重金属是安全的,符合国家标准。
  关键词 土壤;茶叶;重金属;土壤污染评价
  中图分类号 S506 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)32-0123-03
  Pollutim Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil of Tea Plantations and Tea at Emeishan and Jiajiang
  LIU Fan, LIU Ya, ZHANG Yan-qin et al (College of Chemistry,Leshan Normal Universlty, Leshan, Sichuan 614004)
  Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study heavy metal content in soil of tea plantations and tea at Emeishan and Jiajiang,and evaluate the pollution degree.[Method]Thecontent of Cu,Cr,Pb,Cd,As and Hg were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry,based on “GB15618 - 1995” of “soil environmental quality standard”, the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the soil samples in tea plantation.[Result] The results showed that the average content of Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, As,Hg were 30.59、67.08、0.35、24.15、13.32 and 0.13mg / kg in soils of the tea plantations, according to the national standard GB15618 - 1995 soil environmental quality secondary standard values, Cd in a critical level, and the single pollution index of Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, as were less than 1.0, it belongs to the level of security. Based on GB2762-2012/NY659-2003 /NY/T288-2012 , the contentof Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, As, Hg of tea samples of raw materialswere obtained in the five sampling point. The contents were much lower than the national standard or issued by the Department of the highest content limit. [Conclusion]The heavy metals content of Emeishan city and jiajiang county are safe and accord with national standard
  Key words Soil; Tea; Heavy metal; Soil pollution evaluation
  目前世界所發現的山茶科植物共有23属380余种,而在我国西南的四川、云南和贵州3省有100多种。西南地区河谷纵横,山峦起伏,海拔高低相差悬殊,且地形地貌变化多端,形成了众多气候差异较大的小地貌区和小气候区,引起茶树种类变异,从而发展进化成热带型大叶种茶树、亚热带型中叶种茶树与温带型中叶种及小叶种茶树。被誉为“中国绿茶之都”的四川省乐山市茶园基地面积超过4万hm2,其茶叶年总产量达2.5万t,茶叶年产值达5.6亿元,分别占全省的25%、20%、27%[1]。
  相对于其他茶叶种植区域的茶园土壤重金属调查与分析[2-6],乐山市区域的茶园重金属调查较少。笔者以乐山市峨眉山市和夹江县的多处茶园为研究对象,通过对调查区域土样和茶样中Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、As、Hg 6种重金属含量进行测定,并采用Pi单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价土壤中重金属污染程度,旨在为研究土壤中的重金属污染程度、防治茶园土壤重金属污染提供理论依据[3]。