翻白草药材的HPLC指纹图谱及真伪鉴别研究

　　中图分类号 R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2018）02-0172-04
　　DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.02.07
　　摘 要 目的：建立翻白草药材的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱，并进行真伪鉴别。方法：采用HPLC法，色谱柱为InertSustain C18，流动相为0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈（梯度洗脱），流速为1.0 mL/min，检测波长为360 nm，柱温为30 ℃，进样量为10 μL。以芦丁为参照，绘制19批翻白草药材样品和2批委陵菜药材样品的HPLC图谱，采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》（2004）对21批药材样品进行相似度评价，确定19批翻白草药材样品的共有峰，采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果：19批翻白草药材样品的HPLC图谱有18个共有峰， 相似度均大于0.9，其HPLC图谱与对照指纹图谱具有较好的一致性；而2批委陵菜药材样品相似度均小于0.7。21批药材样品可聚为2大类，即2批委陵菜药材样品为一类，19批翻白草药材样品为一类，而翻白草药材样品可聚为4类；19批翻白草药材样品中芦丁、槲皮苷为主成分。结论：所建指纹图谱可为翻白草药材的真伪鉴别和质量评价提供参考。
　　关键词 翻白草；高效液相色谱法；指纹图谱；真伪鉴别
　　ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprints of Potentilla discolor， and to conduct authenticity identification. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on InertSustain C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min， detection wavelength of 360 nm， column temperature of 30 ℃， sample size of 10 μL. Using rutin as reference， HPLC chromatograms of 19 batches of P. discolor and 2 batches of P. chinesis were determined. TCM Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2004） was used for similarity evaluation of 21 batches of samples， and common peak identification of 19 batches of P. discolor. SPSS 21.0 statisticl software was used for main component analysis and cluster analysis. RESULTS： There were 18 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 19 batches of P. discolor， the similarity was higher than 0.9. HPLC chromatogram was in good agreement with control fingerprint. The similarity of 2 batches of P. chinesis was lower than 0.7. The 21 batches of medicinal materials could be grouped into 2 categories， 2 batches of P. chinesis could be grouped into a category， 19 batches of P. discolor could be grouped into a category. P. discolor could be grouped into 4 categories. Rutin and quercitrin were main ingredients in 19 batches of P. discolor. CONCLUSIONS： Established fingerprint can provide reference for authenticity identification and quality evaluation of P. discolor.
　　KEYWORDS Potentilla discolor； HPLC； Fingerprint；Authenticity identification
　　翻白草（Potentilla discolor Bge）為蔷薇科委陵菜属植物，又名鸡脚草、鸡腿根、鸡腿儿、叶下白、天青地白、白背叶等，是一种多年生草本植物[1]。翻白草性平，味甘、微苦，历代本草记载其具有止血止痢、清热解毒、消肿之功效；民间有利用翻白草代茶饮治疗糖尿病的记载，现代研究也表明其具有治疗2型糖尿病的作用[2-3]。委陵菜由于形似翻白草，常为人们混用。目前，已从翻白草药材中分离得到多种黄酮类、多酚类、萜类和甾体类成分[4-7]。但2015年版《中国药典》（一部）仅以薄层色谱鉴别、浸出物含量测定对其进行质量控制，无法全面地反映该药材品质。本课题组对21批翻白草和委陵菜药材进行研究，建立了翻白草药材的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱，并对其与委陵菜进行了真伪鉴别，可为全面控制和评价翻白草药材的质量提供参考依据。