科技英文短文篇一:科技英语文章翻译
科技英语文章翻译
任何作品均有特定的文体,原文的文体不同,翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文。
"It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job."
"A wonderful job."
"Are you going to take it ?"
"I don't think so."
"Why not?'
"I don't want to."
“听说有个很好的工作要你去干。”
“挺好的工作。”
“打算干吗?”
“不。”
“为什么不干?”
“不想干。”
这是小说中的一段对说,属于口语文体。其特点是:用词自由,句法结构简单,短句与省略句多,自然朴素,生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点,省去主语“你”、“我”;将英语的一个句子I don't think so。干脆译成一个字“不”,显得简洁有力。
She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked
sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.
那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress是非常优美生动的文学语言,译文保持了一风格。
Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.
在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒,引起轰动。上半场领先四分,首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用,约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队,创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。
这是属于应用文的新闻文体,其特点是简明扼要,短小精悍,结构紧凑,笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子,却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致,富于吸引力。
The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.
从上述的一段科技文章,不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说,新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密,概念准确,逻辑性强,行文简练,重点突出,句式严整,少有变化,常用前置性陈述,即在句中将主要信息尽量前置,通过主语传递主要信息。
科技文章文体的特点是:清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末,科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理,这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下:
一、大量使用名词化结构
《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在论述科技英语时提出,大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。
Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.
阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced.
炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。
科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。
名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实,而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。
二、广泛使用被动语句
根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,例如:
Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说:You must pay attention to the working
temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外,如前所述,科技文章将主要信息前置,放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an
insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads.
电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器,其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。这一段短文中各句的主语分别为:
Electrical energy
Such a device
Its ability to store electrical energy
It (Capacitance )
它们都包含了较多的信息,并且处于句首的位置,非常醒目。四个主语完全不同,避免了单调重复,前后连贯,自然流畅。足见被动结构可收简洁客观之效。
三、非限定动词。
如前所述,科技文章要求行文简练,结构紧凑,为此,往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句;使用不定式短语代替各种从句;介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子,又比较醒目。试比较下列各组句子。
A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.
直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
热量由地球辐射出来时,使得气流上升。
A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.
如果没有改变物体运动的原因,那么物体将作匀速直线运动。
Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.
振动着的物体产生声波,每一次振动产生一个声波。
In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey
information from one place to another.
在通讯系统中,电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.
结构材料的选择应使其在外界条件中保持其弹性。
There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。
In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.
使无线电波依次对每一个声音作出相应变化时,信息就由广播电台传递到接收机。
四、后置定语
大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构不以下五种:
1、介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.
由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。
A call for paper is now being issued .
征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。
2、形容词及形容词短语。
In this factory the only fuel available is coal.
该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。
In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.
热能在辐射时,转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
3、副词
The air outside pressed the side in .
外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.
向上的力与向下的力相等,所以气球就保持在这一高度。
4、单个分词,但仍保持校强的动词意义。
The results obtained must be cheeked .
获得的结果必须加以校核
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
科技英文短文篇二:《科技改变生活》英语作文
Science and technology change our life
With the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life has been changed a lot. New technological inventions begin to play an essential role, for example, the robot can help us clean up and finish much homework. As a result of that, we can spare more time to be dedicated to our job, and we are able to be fully exposed to our hobbies.
Always have some time to hope that their cell phone is "Hello, you dial the number temporarily unable to connect" state. So, we all need a jacket that can mask the mobile phone signal. Dancepants sports music is designed to be two Lithuania designers. The clothes made of this fiber can be used to convert the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can be driven by electronic devices such as MP3 players.
Respite of that, some disadvantages of technological inventions may appear. The excessive use of high technology can also make our life be passive. The majorities of us will become lazier men, and they are unwilling to explore minds any longer.
All in all, the improvement of science and technology can smoothly increase the standards of people's life. On the other hand, it may lead to the laziness of people's behavior and mind.
科技英文短文篇三:科技英语作文翻译
生活中新的技术:
众所周知,如今科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来极大的便利,那么到底有哪些便利呢?
手机通信让我们在哪都能和朋友聊天。看书已经不是非得在纸质书上,还能在电子书上。手提式的电脑越做越薄,让我们在户外也能轻松上网。当然这些便利来自于先进的技术。比如超高的屏幕像素让我们体验更清晰的影像。更快的处理器使得我们的手机或电脑用起来更流畅。优秀的音质处理让我们享受音乐的美妙。当然还有更多的先进产品使得我们在生活中能更加享受。
所以最后感谢我们都生活在这个时代。
对本专业的认识:
我大学所学的专业是电子科学与技术,这个专业主要是学习光与电,然后将这两个东西联系起来。
光知识方面就是传统的光学知识,然后进而将光应用在通信方面,例如光纤通信,光纤传感等。那么,电知识方面就是将电路方面的东西设计成生活中能够起到作用的东西,比如收音机,我们将设计成的电路在板子上画出来然后将元器件安装在上面,基本上一个产品就(来自:WWw.zHaoqT.net 蒲公 英文 摘:科技英文短文)做出来了。
那么最后就是将电与光应用起来,比如光纤传导过程中需要调制,而调制的工具就是电。以上就是我对所学专业的认识。
自己以后的规划:
我所学的专业是电子科学专业,我希望将来能够从事这个专业的工作。
这个专业所对应的工作是电子设计工程师或者光通信研发,那我比较喜欢电子的专业,因为我本身是一名电子爱好者,对于电子设计比较感兴趣。我希望能够到那些知名的电子公司去工作。与我的小伙伴们一起研发电子产品,希望未来能让人们用上我设计的产品。当然一切都需要努力。我距离我的目标还很远。
最后当然希望未来将会更好。