植烟土壤速效磷含量及其与烟叶化学成分的相关分析


  摘 要: 分析了罗平县植烟土壤的空间分布状况及与烟叶化学成分的相关性。结果表明:(1)该县植烟土壤速效磷含量总体偏高,植烟土壤速效磷含量1.20~217.54 mg/kg,平均为40.60 mg/kg,变异系数80.26%,变异程度较大;(2)不同植烟土壤类型速效磷含量存在显著差异,由高到低表现为新积土>水稻土>黄壤>紫色土>红壤;(3)各乡镇植烟土壤速效磷含量高低表现为阿岗镇>富乐镇>旧屋基乡>马街镇>老厂乡>九龙镇>罗雄镇>大水井乡>钟山乡>板桥镇;(4)不同海拔高度的植烟土壤速效磷含量差异达显著水平,其相应的植烟土壤速效磷含量高低分布特点是海拔 1 600~
  1 800 m的>1 400~1 600 m的>-∞ ~1 400 m的>1 800 m~+∞的,海拔高于1 800 m的土壤组速效磷含量变异系数最大;(5)土壤速效磷与烤烟大量元素(除磷外)、中量元素之间无显著相关性,对烤烟吸收硼、铁、钼有促进作用,对铜和锌的吸收有抑制作用。
  关键词: 罗平县;植烟土壤;土壤速效磷;相关分析
  中图分类号: S127 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1006-060X(2014)13-0003-03
  Correlation Analysis of Available P Content in Tobacco Grown Soils with Tabacco Leaf Chemical Components
  LIU Kun, ZHOU Ji-heng, LI Qiang
  (College of Tobacco Research, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRC)
  Abstract: The study has analyzed the spatial distribution of tobacco grown soils and its correlation with tobacco leaf chemical components in Luoping County. The results are as follows.(1) The available P content in the tobacco soil is generally on the high side, with an average of 40.60 mg/kg , a variation coefficient of 80.26% and the large degree of variation in Luoping. (2) The different tobacco soil types in Luoping are of significant differences in available P content from high to low,i.e., alluvial soil > paddy soil > yellow soil > purple soil > red soil.(3) The different townships of Luoping are of different available P content in the tobacco soil in the order from high to low, i.e., Agang > Fule > Jiuwuji > Majie > Laochang > Jiulong > Luoxiong > Dashuijing > Zhongshan > Banqiao .(4) The different altitudes in Luoping are also of significant differences in vailable P content in the tobacco soil from high to low,i.e.,that of 1 600~1 800 m at altitude > that of 1 400~1 600 m > that of -∞~1 400 m> that of 1 800 m ~ +∞;and the variation coefficient of soil group"s available P content is up to the maximum at the altitude of over 1800m.And(5)the soil available P content has no significant relationship with flue-cured tobacco"s major elements and secondary elements except its P, and it can promote flue-cured tobacco"s absorption of B,Fe and Mo and restrain the uptake of Cu and Zn.
  Key words: Luoping County;tobacco grown soil;soil available P;correlation analysis
  罗平县位于云南省东部,滇、桂、黔三省(区)结合部,地处东经103°57′~104°43′、北纬24°31′~25°25′之间。曲靖市是全国最大的烟区,而罗平是曲靖第二大产烟县。由于气候、地形、成土母质及生物等的复杂多样,土壤有效磷分布不均。植烟土壤类型主要有红壤、黄壤、紫色土、新积土和水稻土等[1],一般通过施用磷肥来解决土壤供磷不足的问题.多年连续施用磷肥,导致植烟土壤有效磷含量显著提高,由于在烤烟生产中过量施用磷肥,土壤磷素积累[2]。当土壤磷素含量适宜时,烟株生长健壮,根系发达,分层落黄好,烟叶易烘烤,适宜的磷素可促进烟株对氮、钾的吸收和利用,从而提高烟叶的产量和品质[3-6]。烤烟对磷的需求量不大,所以难以引起人们的重视,并且烤烟磷营养的报道常见于对产量和等级的影响[7]、生长发育[8]、生理特性[9]、叶片物理特性[10]和烤烟品质[11]等方面,而磷肥用量与土壤肥力指标的相关性分析较少。因此,通过对罗平县植烟土壤速效磷状况分析及其与烟叶化学成分相关性分析,可为该县烟叶种植施肥管理提供一定的参考。