不同烤烟品种烟叶腺毛形态和密度的扫描电镜观察分析


  摘要 采用扫描电子显微镜对K326、贵烟2号、云烟85等3个不同品种烤烟的叶片腺毛的形态结构及腺毛密度进行了观察。结果表明:3种烤烟的叶片腺毛包括长柄腺毛、短柄腺毛,腺毛一般由1个基细胞、1至多个柄细胞和单细胞的球形头部或多细胞的纺缍形头部组成。长柄腺毛的个体较大且最多,是烤烟烟叶腺毛的主要类型;短柄腺毛粗短、数量较少。烟叶腺毛头部是腺毛分泌功能的主要部位,长柄腺毛和短柄腺毛的头部比相邻的柄部膨大,特别是短柄腺毛头部膨大明显。
  关键词 烤烟;腺毛;形态结构;密度;扫描电镜
  中图分类号 S572.01 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2014)15-0010-03
  Observation Analysis of Glandular Hairs Morphology and Density on Different Tobacco Varieties by Scanning
  Electron Microscopy
  CAI Lin 1 BAN Guo-xiang 2 GUAN Peng 1 TUO Ding-yuan 1
  (1 College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025; 2 Changshun Tobacco Branch Company)
  Abstract The morphology and density of glandular hairs of flue-cured tobacco variety K326,Guiyan2 and Yunyan85 leaves was observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that leaves glandular hairs of three kinds of flue-cured tobacco included long stalk glandular hairs and short stalk glandular hairs. The glandular hairs consisted of a basal cell,one or a few stalk cells and multi-cellular head. The individual long stalk glandular hairs bigger and the most,were the main types of flue-cured tobacco leaf glandular hairs. The short stalk glandular hairs were tubbiness and a small amount.The head of glandular hairs were the main of the secretory function parts,which was bigger than its stalk. There was difference in glandular hair density among different varieties. The density of K326 was higher(13.7 roots/mm2),the glandular hairs density of Yunyan85 and Guiyan2 was less than K326(10.06 roots/mm2 and 9.89 roots/mm2 respectively). The average density of glandular hairs of tested varieties from high to low was K326>Yunyan85>Guiyan2.
  Key words flue-cured tobacco;glandular hairs;morphology;density;scanning electron microscope
  烟草是世界性经济作物,烟叶的香气与烟草叶片表面腺毛的分泌物有很大关系。烟草叶片表面腺毛较多,既有长柄腺毛,也有短柄腺毛,腺毛是植物表皮腺结构中的一种具有分泌功能的毛状物,其分泌物主要是精油、树脂、蜡质、糖分、醇类、酮类、烷烃类等物质[1],这些物质与烟叶的香气和吃味密切相关,同时与烟草的抗虫、抗微生物侵染等抗性特征有密切关系[2-5]。
  腺毛形态结构和腺毛密度在烟草品种选育、质量评价和烟叶的烟气化学特性等研究中具有重要意义,烟草腺毛的形态结构、密度与其分泌功能有密切的关系[6-8]。近年来,有关此方面的研究引起了研究者们的关注,对于腺毛的形态学研究有使用较为传统的石蜡切片技术在光学显微镜下观察[9-11],有使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究烤烟腺毛形态[12-15],也有使用透射电子显微镜观察烤烟的长柄腺毛和短柄腺毛分泌细胞的超微结构[16-17]。本试验选择了3个烤烟品种(K326、云烟85和贵烟2号),采用扫描电镜对其腰叶的腺毛形态、密度进行了系统的观察对比和分析,以期了解各种类型腺毛的形态学特征,为深入研究烤烟腺毛与烟叶品质的关系提供科学依据。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  供试的3个贵州省主栽品种烤烟K326、贵烟2号和云烟85的腰叶,均采自贵州省长顺县广顺镇烟叶站,田间栽培技术及管理措施均与当地优质烟的生产管理方法一致。
  1.2 试验方法
  1.2.1 样品制备。选择生长发育正常、有代表性的烟株,在烟叶成熟时,在同一天取不同品种的腰叶(烟株从下至上第9~11叶位),烤烟K326、贵烟2号和云烟85等3个品种分别取5株,每株取2片,在叶片最宽处主脉两侧的对称位置用打孔器打孔,取2~3个圆片,同一品种的圆片进行混合,分品种分别置于装有2.5%戊二醛的EP管内进行固定,时间为4 h,再置于1%锇酸内固定,时间为1 h;用浓度为0.1 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液清洗圆片3次,每次清洗时间为10 min;然后逐级进行脱水,选择的溶剂为梯度浓度为 30%、50%、70%、90%的叔丁醇、酒精混合液,每次脱水的时间为5 min。然后置于100%叔丁醇中脱水2次,每次脱水的时间为5 min。最后一次将叔丁醇置于4 ℃的冰箱内,待叔丁醇变为固态,进行冷冻真空干燥。再将干燥后的样品用导电胶粘在样品台上,用日立E1010离子溅射仪进行镀金。