摘 要：為探讨累积运动对肥胖机体内脏脂肪组织慢性炎症的影响及其机制，将8周龄SD雄性大鼠高脂膳食诱导肥胖，成模大鼠随机分为高脂安静组（B）、普食安静组（C）、持续运动组（D）、中强度累积运动组（E）和高强度累积运动组（F），每组8只，运动组大鼠喂以普食，设正常体质量普食安静组（A，6只）。运动组进行8周跑台训练（0?，5 d/周）。D组跑速20 m/min （1～4周）和25 m/min（5～8周），60 min/次，1次/d。E组跑速与D组相同，12 min/次，5次/d，间歇60 min；F组跑速40 m/min（1～4周）和42 m/min（5～8周），6 min/次，5次/d，间歇60 min。各运动组跑动总距离相等。肥胖成模时和末次训练后48 h，检测体脂百分数、血脂、脂肪组织炎症指标和巨噬细胞M1及M2表型。结果：（1）肥胖大鼠呈现血脂紊乱，内脏脂肪组织巨噬细胞M1表型和M2表型极化失衡并呈慢性炎症状态。（2） 8周运动干预，3种方案均可控重减脂，改善血脂紊乱和内脏脂肪巨噬细胞极化失衡，缓解慢性炎症状态。（3）对肥胖大鼠控重减脂效果由强至弱为：持续运动、高强度累积运动、中强度累积运动。（4）对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化的调节效应由强至弱为：中强度累积运动、持续运动、高强度累积运动。结果说明规律的累积运动可有效降低肥胖机体的体脂、改善血脂代谢、降低脂肪组织慢性炎症水平，其机制可能与调节内脏脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化有关。累积运动利于打破久坐生活方式，其与持续运动结合可能对健康干预的效果更全面。
关 键 词：运动医学；肥胖；累积运动；巨噬细胞极化；大鼠
中图分类号：G804.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）02-0135-10
Effects of accumulated exercise on the polarization of macrophages in
visceral adipose tissue of obese rats
FAN Jin-qin1，2，ZHANG Li-mei1，ZHANG Ya-song1，ZHANG Yu-li1，
SHUAI Xiang-yu1，ZHANG Long3，WANG Song-tao1
（1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China；
2.School of Physical Education，Shaoguan University，Shaoguan 512005，China；
3.School of Physical Education，Liupanshui Normal University，Liupanshui 553004，China）
Abstract： In order to probe into the effects of accumulated exercise on the chronic inflammation of visceral adipose tissue of obese rats and the affecting mechanism， the authors randomly divided 8-week old male SD rats， which were obesity induced with high fat diet and model established， into a high fat diet control group （B）， an ordinary diet control group （C）， a continuous exercise group （D）， a medium intensity accumulated exercise group （E） ， and a high intensity accumulated exercise group （F）， each of which contains 8 rats， fed the rats in the exercise groups with ordinary diet， and set a normal body mass ordinary diet control group （A）， which contains 6 rats. The exercise groups carried out 8-week treadmill training （0°， 5 d/w）. Group D’s running speeds were 20 m/min （week 1-4） and 25 m/min （week 5-8）， 60 min/times， 1 times/d. Group E’s running speeds were the same as group D’s， 12 min/times， 5 times/d， interval 60 min； Group F’s running speeds were 40 m/min （week 1-4） and 42 m/min （week 5-8）， 6 min/times， 5 times/d， interval 60 min. All the exercise groups had the same total running distance. The authors measured body fat percentage， blood fat， adipose tissue inflammation index and macrophages M1 and M2 phenotypes at obesity model establishment and 48 h after the last training. Results： 1） the obese rats showed a blood fat disorder， the polarization of macrophages M1 and M2 phenotypes in visceral adipose tissue was unbalanced and showed a chronic inflammation condition； 2） in 8 weeks of exercise intervention， all the 3 plans can control weight， reduce fat， improve blood fat disorder and the unbalance of polarization of macrophages in visceral fat， and relieve the chronic inflammation condition； 3） the effects of weight control and fat reduction on the obese rats from strong to weak were as follows： continuous exercise， high intensity accumulated exercise， medium intensity accumulated exercise； 4） the effects of regulation on the polarization of macrophages in visceral adipose tissue of the obese rats from strong to weak were as follows： medium intensity accumulated exercise， continuous exercise， high intensity accumulated exercise. The results indicate that regular accumulated exercise can effectively reduce an obese body’s fat， improve blood fat metabolism， reduce the level of chronic inflammation of adipose tissue， its mechanism may be related to regulating the polarization of macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. Accumulated exercise is conducive to breaking the sedentary lifestyle， and its combination with continuous exercise may have a more comprehensive effect on health intervention.
