前列腺术后膀胱痉挛的高危因素及临床护理措施分析


  [摘要]目的 分析前列腺术后膀胱痉挛的高危因素,探讨临床护理措施。方法 选择2016年1~12月在我院行经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生患者162例,依照术后膀胱痉挛发生与否分为发生组(n=61)与未发生组(n=101),对比两组患者相关指标,分析膀胱痉挛发生的高危因素,针对性地制定临床护理措施。结果 经分析,发生组患者焦虑评分(SAS)≥50分、低顺应性膀胱和(或)不稳定膀胱、尿管气囊注水体积40 ml、冲洗液未加温占比均高于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic多因素分析结果显示,SAS评分、低顺应性和/或不稳定膀胱、冲洗液加温、尿管气囊注水为高危因素(P<0.05)。结论 前列腺术后膀胱痉挛的高危因素较多,临床应针对高危因素实施护理,促使患者尽早痊愈出院。
  [关键词]前列腺术;膀胱痉挛;高危因素;临床护理
  [中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)2(b)-0179-03
  Risk factors of bladder spasm after prostatectomy and analysis of clinical nursing measures
  HUANG Xiao-huan WANG Wen-cai
  Department of Urology,People′s Hospital of Huadu District of Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510800,China
  [Abstract]Objective To analyze the risk factors of bladder spasm after prostatectomy,explore the clinical nursing measures.Methods 162 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia from January to December 2016 in our hospital underwent transurethral resection of the prostate,patients divided into happen group (n=61) and without group (n=101) according to with or without postoperative bladder spasm,related indicators were compared between two groups,analysis of risk factors of bladder spasm,to make the clinical nursing measures.Results After analysis,group SAS was more than 50 points,low compliance bladder or (and) unstable bladder,balloon catheter injection volume 40 ml,without washing liquid heating were higher than the proportion of without group,significant difference (P<0.05);multivariate Logistic analysis showed that SAS score,low compliance and/or unstable bladder flush fluid heating,water balloon catheter was a risk factor (P<0.05).Conclusion The prostate surgery the risk factors of bladder spasm after more clinical nursing according to the risk factors,prompting patients as early as possible recovery.
  [Key words]Prostate operation;Bladder spasm;High risk factors;Clinical nursing
  前列腺增生為临床常见的前列腺疾病类型之一,主要采用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗,具有较好的手术效果,但术后较易发生的并发症为痉挛,表现为下腹部阵痛或持续性疼痛出现在导尿管留置期间,伴有急迫的尿意感与便意感,尿道口会溢出尿液,颜色加深变红现象明显,缓解疼痛后,可经导尿管排出尿液[1]。前列腺术后并发膀胱痉挛后,使患者身心均承受巨大的痛苦,因此,临床一直注重该术后并发症的防治,而防治措施有效制定的前提条件为准确掌握其发生的高危因素[2]。因此,本研究回顾性分析了行电切术治疗的前列腺增生患者的资料,总结术后膀胱痉挛发生的高危因素,为临床预防提供参考。
  1资料与方法
  1.1一般资料
  选择我院2016年1~12月行经尿道前列腺电切术治疗的前列腺增生患者162例,年龄47~81岁,平均(58.3±3.7)岁;病程7个月~22年,平均(10.5±4.0)年;前列腺重量29~107 g,平均(62.8±28.5)g。纳入标准[3]:①符合前列腺增生的诊断标准;②具有经尿道前列腺电切术的适应证,无绝对禁忌证;③本研究经我院医学伦理委员会批准;④患者病历资料齐全,且知情同意;⑤排除伴下尿路创伤史、神经系统疾病患者。
  1.2方法
  收集所有患者病历资料,对其行回顾性分析,依照术后膀胱痉挛发生与否,将患者分为发生组(n=61)与未发生组(n=101),统计、比较两组患者相关资料,包含年龄(≥65岁)、前列腺症状评分(IPSS,≥20分)、生活质量指数(QOL,≥3.5分)、焦虑自评量表(SAS,≥50分)、切除前列腺体积(>20 ml)等,分析引发术后膀胱痉挛的高危因素。针对高危因素分析结果,结合文献资料,制定临床护理措施。