产地及施肥对大宁烟产量和品质的影响
摘要:探讨了产地及施肥对大宁烟叶产量、品质及品质成分的影响。结果表明,稻田种植的大宁烟产量显著高于原产地的产量,而烟叶的评吸质量及钾、烟碱、粗蛋白、有机酸、高级脂肪酸等含量与原产地种植的烟叶相当;稻田种植的大宁烟无青枯病危害,而旱地种植的大宁烟青枯病发病率高达88.8%;以鸡粪代替桐麸施用后,烟叶产量、品质及化学成分的变化不显著;施用相当于原产地60%的肥料,烟叶的品评质量及水溶性糖含量、糖碱比、糖氮比更接近原产地烟叶。可见,稻田种植是异地扩种大宁烟的可行途径,而以鸡粪代替桐麸并施用原产地60%用量的肥料,烟叶的产量和品质较高。
关键词:大宁烟;产地;施肥;品质;产量
中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)11-2084-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.023
Abstract: The effects of fertilization and producing area on the yield and quality of Daning tobacco were investigated. The results showed that the yield of Daning tobacco planted in paddy fields was significantly higher than which planted in origin area. Both smoking quality of tobacco leaves, and the contents of potassium, nicotine, crude proteins, organic acids, higher fatty acids in tobacco leaves were equivalent to those in origin area; The tobacco planted in paddy fields did not develop tobacco bacterial wilt while the bacterial wilt incidence rate of the tobacco planted in drylands was as high as 88.8%; There was no significant change in tobacco yield, quality and chemical compositions after the application of the chicken manure, instead of tung seed meal, to the plant; The smoking quality, water-soluble sugar content, and the rate of sugar-alkali and sugar-nitrogen in the leaves of the tobacco applied with 60% dosage fertilizers in original area were highly similar to those in the origin area. These results indicated that paddy planting was a feasible way for expanding Daning tobacco cultivation area, while tobacco with higher yield and quality could be produced by replacing the application of tung seed meal with chicken manure and applying 60% dosage of fertilizer in original area.
Key words: Daning tobacco; producing area; fertilization; quality; yield
中國地方晒晾烟种植历史悠久,资源丰富,分布广,品质风格特色明显,是国内中式卷烟丰富的原料资源,具有巨大的开发应用前景。晒黄烟是中国一种独特的烟草资源,具有香气量足且浓郁,油分充足,刺激性小,吃味纯净又劲头合适的特点[1]。大宁晒烟是原产于广西贺州市八步镇质优价高的特香型晒黄烟品种资源,销售价达300元/kg,是普通烤烟价格的近30倍。然而,大宁烟仅局限在大宁镇局部区域小范围种植,种植面积小、总产量低,远未能满足消费者和卷烟企业的需求。此外,原产地大宁烟均需种植新垦坡陡山地上,采用刀耕火种方式栽培[2,3],不可持续发展。因此,异地扩种大宁烟是满足大宁烟市场需求的惟一途径。然而,异地扩种大宁烟的可行性及相关技术研究鲜见报道。因此,本试验研究异地种植和施肥对大宁烟产量、品质及烟叶品质的基本组分的影响,旨在为大宁晒烟异地栽培和管理提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
供试烟叶品种:大宁烟,为原产于广西贺州市大宁镇的特香型晒黄烟品种。
供试肥料:鸡粪(含N 1.737%、P2O5 1.431%、K2O 2.537%)、桐麸(含N 2.545%、P2O5 0.936%、K2O 0.873%)、硫酸钾(含K2O 44.830%、草木灰土K2O 3.049%)。
1.2 方法
试验于2013年11月至2014年6月在贺州市平桂区公会镇旱地、稻田和大宁烟原产地进行。水稻土的基本理化性状为pH 5.46、有机质2.95%、碱解氮108.6 mg/kg、速效磷87.6 mg/kg、速效钾47.0 mg/kg。原产地为新垦山地,坡度22°,土壤基本理化性状为pH 4.34、有机质3.82%、碱解氮193.5 mg/kg、速效磷3.1 mg/kg、速效钾103.9 mg/kg。