部分无管化经皮肾镜取石术的临床疗效分析


  【摘要】 目的:探讨无管化经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗肾及输尿管上段结石的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2014年3月-2017年2月本院采用部分无管化PCNL联合超声气压弹道碎石治疗肾及输尿管上段结石患者317例的临床资料。观察患者结石清除率、肾周血肿发生率、肾周积液发生率、尿外渗发生率、高热(>38.5 ℃)發生率、出血及输血情况、术后24 h的疼痛情况(VAS评分)。结果:患者均Ⅰ期成功建立20F或22F经皮肾通道,无穿刺失败及中转开放手术者,未发生感染性休克,无患者因严重大出血需介入及切肾治疗。结石清除率95.90%(304/317),术后Hb平均下降(7.57±3.03)g/L,术后严重血尿持续(2.24±0.74)d,术后VAS评分(3.12±0.32)分,术后高热发生率5.36%(17/317),术后输血率为0.32%(1/317),肾周血肿发生率1.58%(5/317),肾周积液发生率2.21%(7/317),尿外渗发生率2.21%(7/317)。结论:在掌握手术适应证的前提下,无管化PCNL治疗肾及输尿管上段结石是安全有效的。
  【关键词】 经皮肾镜取石术; 输尿管支架; 肾造瘘管
  Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy/SONG Wenjun,LIU Qing,ZHANG Qian,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(07):100-104
  【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) intreatment of renal and upper ureteral calculi.Method:The clinical data of 317 patients
  with renal and upper ureteral calculi treated with tubeless PCNL combined with ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy from March 2014 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The stone clearance rate,the incidence of perirenal hematoma and effusion,the incidence of extravasation of urine,the incidence of high heat(>38.5 ℃),bleeding and blood transfusion,and 24 h postoperative pain(VAS score) of patients were observed.Result:All patients were successfully established 20F or 22F percutaneous renal access successfully during stage Ⅰ,no patients puncture failure and transfer to open surgery,no septic shock occurred,no patient needed interventional and nephrectomy for severe massive hemorrhage.The stone clearance rate was 95.90%(304/317),postoperativedecrease of Hb average(7.57±3.03) g/L,postoperative sustained severe hematuria was(2.24±0.74) d,postoperative VAS score was(3.12±0.32) points,postoperative incidence of high heat was 5.36%(17/317),postoperative blood transfusion rate was 0.32%(1/317),the incidence of perirenal hematoma was 1.58%(5/317),the incidence of perirenal effusion was 2.21%(7/317),the rate of extravasation of urine was 2.21%(7/317).Conclusion:Under the condition of mastering the indication of operation,tubeless PCNL is safe and effective intreatment of renal and upper ureteral calculi.
  【Key words】 Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Ureteral stent; Nephrostomy tube
  First-author’s address:Shenyang Red Cross Hospital,Shenyang 110013,China
  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.07.028
  经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)这种手术方式由于对人体的伤害相对较小,并发症的发生率较低,治疗效果显著等原因,在上泌尿系结石的治疗中被广泛应用[1]。通常情况下,PCNL手术后均会将一根肾造瘘管留置在肾盂内,引流肾脏内的尿液,利用肾造瘘管的管壁对肾实质内血管进行压迫止血,促进通道愈合成窦道二次手术等作用[2]。但在长期的临床观察中发现,肾造瘘管不但会引起患者术后疼痛不适,还可引起术后肾脏出血,即患者术后2~3 d,尿色转清后再次出现严重血尿,拔除肾造瘘管后尿色恢复正常。本院尝试2014年3月-2017年2月在317例患者的PCNL手术后不再留置肾造瘘管,仅留置输尿管支架管,临床疗效满意,现报道如下。