法律常用术语 【（一）、法令】
rule 条例
law 法律
criminal law 刑法
interpret 解释（法律）
the legislature 立法机构
the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系 【(二)、主体】
the judge 法官
the lawyer 律师（总称）
the jury 陪审团
the juror 陪审团成员
the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；
the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人
the injured party/victim
被害人
witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者
the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师
the accused/defendant 被告人
the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师 【（三）、违法】
【案件种类】
case 案件
crime - criminal adj.
a criminal case 刑事案件
a civil case
民事案件 【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】
guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent
guilty of a crime/charge
innocent of a crime/charge
commit a crime violate a criminal law
murder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪
manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪
forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰 malfeasance 渎职罪
criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes
stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死
flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀
mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】
【逮捕】
arrest
pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】
investigation
conduct a criminal investigation into
criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of law
cross-examination 【诉讼】
find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guilty
to be charged with/to be accused of
to accuse sb. of certain crime
charge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.
prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution over
to bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼 escape prosecution
criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime
claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】
a criminal court
刑事法庭,
e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.
a civil court 民事法庭
children’s court 少年法庭
The Supreme Court 最高法院 【监督】
supervise 监督 【作证】
to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词
proof
definite proof provide the proof
present the proof
evidence 证据，证物 to identify 鉴别
flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾
alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】
question v.
question/suspect sb’s motive
【辩护】
to defend sb
为…辩护
to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】
the jury 陪审团
a grand jury 大陪审团
the juror 陪审团成员
the jury room 陪审室
discuss - discussion 讨论
proposal 提议
vote 投票
abstain v. 弃权
vote for/in favor of/against
take a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote
analyze 分析
assume v. 假定
ballot n. 无记名投票
to argue with 争论
agreement 一致意见
disagreement 反对意见
a reasonable doubt
to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision
declare a hung jury
reach a unanimous decision
be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪
prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪 【审判】
guilty/ not guilty(innocent)
trial/ the jury trial 审判
a fair trial
set free / acquitted 无罪释放
admit v. agree that something is true 承认
plead guilty to something : say that you are guilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、处罚--punishment】
【场所】
reform school 感化院,
jail/ prison n.监狱 【方式】
jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jail
jail someone for something
go/ be sent to jail
to serve a jail term
be executed
the executioner
to pull the switch
to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑
get out of jail 【其他】
have the right to do 有权 ? on behalf of 代表
draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施
to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款 minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编 legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家 jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱)
repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消 immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收 constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法 civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法 natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法 Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法
Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利 right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税 royalties 版税