基础教育体育课程内容改革的现实诉求与路径


  摘 要:对基础教育体育课程内容改革的现实诉求和路径进行探析。体育课程内容的选择和设计要基于学生的视角,为学生的健康发展实践和创新课程;体育课程内容应贴近学生生活,使其更符合学生的心理需求和经验储备;体育课程内容要摆脱偏重竞技运动项目的困境;体育课程内容的多样化和民族化是时代发展趋势;各学段体育课程内容缺乏衔接的状况亟待改善等是基础教育体育课程内容改革的现实诉求。提出应依据体育课程目标精选课程内容;制定体育课程内容选择标准;有效衔接各学习阶段的体育课程内容;开展体育课程内容选择的实证研究,从而构建基础教育相互衔接与递进的体育课程内容体系。
  关 键 词:学校体育;体育课程内容;课程改革;基础教育
  中图分类号:G807.0 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2015)05-0075-06
  Abstract: The authors analyzed the realistic demands and paths for reforming the contents of physical education curriculum in basic education. The realistic demands for reforming the contents of physical education curriculum in basic education are as follows: the selection and design of physical education curriculum contents should be carried out based on the perspective of students, and the curriculum should be practiced and innovated for the healthy development of students; physical education curriculum contents should be close to students’ life, and made to fit students’ psychological needs and experience reserve better; current physical education curriculum contents should get out of the dilemma of overly emphasizing competitive sports events; the diversification and nationalization of physical education curriculum contents are the trends of development of the era; the condition of lacking a connection between physical education curriculum contents for various learning stages needs to be improved, etc. The authors proposed to select curriculum contents according to physical education curriculum objectives, establish physical education curriculum content selection standards, effectively connect physical education curriculum contents for various learning stages, and carry out the empirical study of physical education curriculum content selection, so as to build a mutually connected and gradually advanced physical education curriculum content system in basic education.
  Key words: school physical education;physical education curriculum content;curriculum reform;basic education
  2001年教育部颁布《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》开启了我国第8次基础教育课程改革进程,其核心理念是为了每一位学生的发展,这一基本的价值取向标志着基础教育课程体系的价值转型。第8次基础教育体育课程改革,亦在以人为本的思想指导下,倡导“以学生发展为中心”的课程理念,把学生的健康发展作为课程设计和实施的出发点和落脚点。新课程力求破除学科中心的桎梏,构筑具有生活意义的课程内容。然而,在课程改革的10多年间,部分地区和学校在选择体育课程内容时一直存在“穿新鞋走老路”的现象,体育课程内容的改革滞后于课程理念。季浏[1]指出,我国长期以来都是按照体育学科的逻辑内容体系,即竞技运动的训练体系编排体育课程的内容,而且这些课程内容体系又是成人专家设计的,造成体育课程内容成人化、竞技化倾向十分严重,课程内容与学生的实际需求并未达成一致。布劳翁认为,教师应该常常反躬自问两个问题:一是关于教学内容,学生是如何感受的;二是有什么方法可以确立教学内容与学生生活之间的联系[2]。因此,体育新课程应从学生的视角选择和构建课程内容。本研究对基础教育体育课程内容改革的现实诉求进行阐述,并探索体育课程内容改革的可行路径,为进一步深化体育与健康课程改革提供理论参考。