当归药材生产区划研究
[摘要] 通过走访和实地调查,收集当归在全国的栽培信息。以当归药材主产区43个采样点为分析基点,分析当归各类功效性成分,综合气候、地形等相关生态因子,利用GIS技术和最大信息熵模型分析当归适宜性分布。应用R语言构建当归有效成分与环境因子之间的关系模型,采用ArcGIS 软件空间计算方法进行当归品质区划。研究结果显示影响当归适宜性分布的主要生态因子为海拔、土壤亚类、5月份降水量和最暖月最高温等4个生态因子,这与当归喜冷凉湿润气候,适宜于分布在土层深厚区域的生活习性相一致。此外,以当归功效性成分为指标的生态适宜性区划结果还提供了传统分布区以外的新适宜分布区,为开展当归合理引种栽培提供了科学依据。
[关键词] 当归;生产区划;最大信息熵模型;生态因子;生态适宜性;ArcGIS
[Abstract] The distribution information of Chinese angelica was collected by interview investigation and field survey, and 43 related environmental factors were collected, some kinds of functional chemical constituents of Angelica sinensis were analyzed. Integrated climate, topography and other related ecological factors, the habitat suitability study was conducted based on Arc geographic information system(ArcGIS),and maximum entropy model. Application of R language to establish the relationship between the effective component of Chinese angelica and enviromental factors model, using ArcGIS software space to carry out space calculation method for the quality regionalization of Chinese angelica. The results showed that 4 major ecological factors had obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of Chinese angelica, including altitude, soil sub category, May precipitation and the warmest month of the highest temperature, et al. It is suitable for the living habits of the Chinese angelica, cold and humid climate, which is suitable for the deep area of the soil. In addition, the ecological suitability regionalization based on the effect of Chinese angelica also provides a new suitable distribution area other than the traditional distribution area, which provides a scientific basis for the reasonable introduction of Chinese angelica.
[Key words] Chinese angelica; production regionalization; maximum entropy model(MaxEnt model); ecological factors; ecology suitability; ArcGIS
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20161705
当归为重要的道地药材,来源于伞形科植物当归Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels的干燥根,其临床应用十分广泛[1]。具有活血补血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠之功效。当归是典型的生境主导型道地药材[2],其品质受产地生态环境影响显著[3],商品药材全部依靠栽培生产提供,传统一直以甘肃岷县、宕昌地区所产尊为道地。目前主要产地集中于甘肃南部,云南、四川、湖北等地也有少量分布[4],近年来受当归价格上涨等因素的影响,一些非传统产区纷纷引种[5],且种植规模有迅速扩张趋势。但由于药材与其引种地生态环境适宜性相关基础性研究工作的缺乏,导致了各地所产当归药材质量参差不齐甚至引种失败,给我国当归药材生产的稳定性带来很大的隐患。
本文在我国当归各主产区实地调查采样与质量分析的基础上,基于空间分析技术,利用最大信息熵模型耦合其他统计分析方法,探讨当归药材品质和生态环境之间的关系,对药材品质进行等级划分,得到当归生态适宜性区划图。研究结果对我国当归药材种植合理生产布局具有重要指导意义。
1 材料
1.1 当归样品采集
当归样品采样时间为2013年10上旬至11月上旬采集,样品均为二年生栽培当归A. sinensis的根,每个样地不少于5株,统一阴干后,打粉,过3号筛,冷冻保存处理。