湖南部分烟区烤烟成熟期异常褪绿发白烟叶与正常烟叶主要化学成分比较
摘 要:为更好地了解研究湖南部分烟区烤烟成熟期烟叶异常褪绿发白这一现象,采集了湖南省2个植烟生态区湘南(广发、普满、兰溪)、湘西(桑植、龙山)烤烟成熟期异常褪绿发白和正常落黄成熟烟叶样本,测定了烟叶主要化学成分总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、淀粉、氯、钾含量,并进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)总糖、还原糖、总氮、氯含量表现为正常叶>发白叶;(2)淀粉含量表现为发白叶>正常叶;(3)烟碱含量表现为湘西:发白叶>正常叶,湘南:正常叶>发白叶;(4)钾含量表现为云烟87:发白叶>正常叶,K326、湘烟3号:正常叶>发白叶。
关键词:成熟期;烤烟;发白;褪绿;化学成分
中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.06.030
Comparison on Main Chemical Components of Abnormal Faded Green Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Normal Leaves in Mature Period in Part of Hunan Area
XU Changui1, DAI Linjian2, YANG Su2, LI Jingjun3, DENG Jie2
(1. College of Biological Science and Technology of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China;2 .College of Agronomy of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha , Hunan 410128, China; 3.Jiahe Branch in Chenzhou City of Hunan Province Tobacco Company, Chenzhou, Hunan 424500, China)
Abstract: In order to get a better understand on the research ,which about the phenomenon of tobacco leafs faded and became white around Hunan province, we collected two types of leaf blade sample which was faded and another is normal, on two tobacco planting region area in southern Hunan(Guangfa, Puman, Lanxi) and western Hunan(Sangzhi, Longshan) ,with the aid of the determination and comparative analysis on main chemical ingredients of tobacco leaf ,such as the total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, starch, chloride, potassium content. The results showed that: (1) the content of the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and chlorine in normal leaf surpass white leaf; (2) the starch content in white leaf surpass another; (3) the data of nicotine content present difference at two area, nicotine content of white leaf surpass normal leaf in southern Hunan but completely opposite in western Hunan; (4) potassium content for performance of yunyan 87 was: white leaf > normal leaf, K326, Xiangyan 3 was: normal leaf > white leaf.
key words: mature stage; flue-cured tobacco; white; faded green; chemical composition
近年来,湖南多地烟区在烤烟成熟中后期中上部烟叶异常褪绿发白现象普遍存在,甚至有的烟株上部叶4~6片整片发白,导致叶尖坏死,采收成熟度不够,造成化学成分不协调。烤烟的主要化学成分含量决定着烟叶品质和卷烟风格特征,直接影响烟叶的工业可用性和卷烟产品的安全性,因而越来越受到人们的重视[1-3]。湖南省是中国重要的优质烤烟产区之一[4],其烤烟栽培主要分布在湘南、湘中和湘西3个生态区域,而湘南烟区和湘西烟区是湖南主要植烟地。其中,湘南烟区在整个中南烟区中具有典型代表,主要采用烟-稻复种连作;湘西烟区则处于湘、黔、渝接壤处,以旱地种植为主。有关湖南省及部分烟区烤烟化学成分的研究虽然较多[3,5-12],但关于湘南、湘西部分植烟地烤烟成熟期烟叶异常褪绿发白的研究鲜有报道。鉴此,对湘南、湘西烟区烤烟成熟期异常褪绿发白烟叶与正常烟叶主要化学成分进行比较分析,有利于对部分烟区烤烟成熟期烟叶异常褪绿发白的研究,为进一步深入研究这一想象提供基础依据。
1 材料和方法