没食子提取物体内外抗炎作用研究
[摘要] 目的 研究没食子提取物体内外抗炎作用。 方法 体内以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀实验观察其抗炎作用；体外观察没食子提取物对RAW264.7细胞生长曲线和活力以及吞噬中性红能力的影响；采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测没食子提取物对脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的影响。 结果 与模型组比较，没食子提取物能显著减轻小鼠的耳肿胀度和足趾肿胀（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）；20、40 μg/mL没食子提取物能活化RAW264.7巨噬细胞，促进RAW264.7细胞增殖，并能增强其吞噬功能；25、50 μg/mL没食子提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α有明显的抑制作用（P < 0.01）。 结论 没食子提取物具有一定的抗炎作用，可能與抑制促炎介质TNF-α的分泌有关。
[关键词] 没食子提取物；抗炎作用；RAW264.7细胞；肿瘤坏死因子α
[中图分类号] R285.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）02（c）-0008-06
[Abstract] Objective To study the anti-inflammatory effects of Turkish galls extract in vivo and in vitro. Methods The anti-inflammatory effects in vivo were observed through the experiments of mice ear swelling induced by xylene and rats toe swelling induced by carrageenan； the effects of Turkish galls extract for the growth curve and vitality of RAW264.7 cells and phagocytosis of neutral red were observed in vitro； the effects of Turkish galls extract for the secretion of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Compared with model group， Turkish galls extract could significantly reduce the degree of ear swelling and toe swelling （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. 20， 40 μg/mL of Turkish galls extract could activate RAW264.7 macrophages， the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was promoted and their phagocytosis was enhanced. 25， 50 μg/mL of Turkish galls extract had significant inhibitory effects for the secretion of TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS （P < 0.01）. Conclusion Turkish galls extract has certain anti-inflammatory effects， which may be related to the inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α.
[Key words] Turkish galls extract； Anti-inflammatory effects； RAW264.7 cells； Tumor necrosis factor α
没食子是没食子蜂科昆虫没食子蜂Cynips gallae-tinctoriae Oliv.的幼虫，寄生于壳斗科植物没食子树Quercus infectoria Oliv.幼枝上所产成的虫瘿。没食子性寒，味苦涩，具有固涩、收敛、燥湿、止血、消炎的作用[1-2]，是维吾尔医常用药材，具有健齿固龈、清血止血、消炎和防腐之功效，被用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎、口腔溃疡等疾病，疗效显著，临床上其具有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用[3-4]。药理学研究表明，没食子具有提高机体非特异性免疫功能，清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化损伤等作用[3-4]。但其系统的抗炎作用报道较少，本实验通过研究没食子提取物的体内外抗炎实验，体内试验观察没食子提取物对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀的影响，体外试验观察没食子提取物对RAW264.7细胞生长曲线和活力以及吞噬中性红能力的影响；进一步观察采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测没食子提取物对脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的影响，探讨其抗炎作用机制，为临床用药提供依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 药品
没食子水提物（批号：20161112），药材购自新疆奇康哈博维药有限责任公司。由新疆维吾尔医药研究所希尔艾力主任药师鉴定为正品。提取方法：取没食子，粉碎成粗粉，加8倍量水浸泡1 h后，煎煮3次，每次0.5 h，合并煎液，滤过，滤液真空干燥得浸膏，称重，得率为75%。